1194/26/Dec. Frederick II is born in Jesi from Henry's wife Constance d'Hauteville

1197/28/Sept (Henry VI Emperor father of Frederick dies

1197 Innocent III Pope: rivalries between Staufen and Welfs for the throne

1198/May Frederick is crowned King of Sicily in Palermo

1198/28/Nov. Constance dies

1198 Innocent takes the regency of the Sicilian Kingdom and the tutorship of Frederick II

1201 Markward von Anweiler Lord of Palermo

1208/21/June Philip von Schwaben is assassinated (claimant to the title of Emperor)

1208/26/Dec. Frederick at 14 comes of age

1209 Frederick marries Constance of Aragon.

1209 Otto IV von Braunschweig King of Germany is crowned Emperor in Rome,

1210-1211 Otto IV von Braunschweig claims the Kingdom of Sicily

1211 Frederick is elected King of Germany by the German Princes

1211 Otto IV has to rush back to recover his German Kingdom

1212 Frederick goes to Germany defeats Ottone IV

1215 Frederick is crowned King of Germany in Aquisgrana and takes the "cross"

1216/16/July Innocent III dies

1216 Honorius III is elected Pope

1221-1223 rebellious barons in Sicily are defeated (campaign ends in 1223)

1224 the University of Naples is founded

1225 the Crusade is negotiated with the Pope

1225 Treaty of San Germano

1225 Frederick marries Isabel daughter of John king of Jerusalem

1226 Saint Francis dies

1227 Honorius III dies

1227 Gregory IX is elected Pope, preparation of the Crusade

1227 the plague in Brindisi decimates the Crusaders

1227-1229 Frederick's Crusade

1229 Frederick is crowned King of Jerusalem in Jerusalem

1229 Frederick rushes back to Sicily to control a rebellion instigated by the Pope

1231 Melfitan Constitutions, Augustales. Consolidation of the Monarchy in Sicily

1232 Visit to Venice, Henry VII King

1233 The movement of penitents in Italy

1236 First campaign against Milano, campaign in Austria, Winter camp in Vienna

1236 Conrad IV elected king

1237 Second campaign against Milan and the Lombard League

1237 Resounding victory at Cortenuova, triumph in Cremona the "faithful city"

1238 Third campaign against the League. Failed siege of Brescia.

1239 The Imperial Chamber in Padova. Frederick excommunicated

1239 Order in Sicily, Foundation of the Italian State

1239 March against St. Peter's Patrimony

1940 Imperial decree authorising dissection for scientific purposes

1240 March against Rome, back in Sicily, Campaign against Ravenna and Faenza.

1241 Faenza capitulates, naval battle in Montecristo Papal delegates captured.

1241 Second expedition against Rome. Gregory IX dies.

1241-1243 The Papal throne is vacant.

1243 Innocent IV elected Pope

1244 Truce with the Pope, the Pope takes refuge in Lyon

1245 Lyon Concilium: Frederick deposed

1246 Camera Imperialis in Grosseto, plots organised by Innocent IV

1246 Sicilian expedition

1247 Order in Italy, March against Lyon. Betrayal of Parma.

1247 Rebellion of the Italian Welfs

1247 Building of the city of Victoria (close to Parma)

1248 Defeated at Parma (Victoria looted)

1249 Pier della Vigna arrested for treason

1249 Assassination attempt by the personal surgeon (poison) paid by the pope

1249 King Enzio prisoner of Bologna

1250/13/Dec. Frederick dies at Castelfiorentino

1265/8/May Dante Alighieri is born in Florence

1266 King Manfred dies in the battle of Benevento (Biondo era e belloŠ)

1268 Grandson Corradino is beheaded in Naples